本篇笔记文档名 👇
•27英语-柴荣英一2008年T3阅读精讲课堂笔记✔
本文档是2008年考研英语阅读Text 3的精讲笔记，解析文章结构（引子、观点、原因分析、未来预测），各题型（例证题、细节题、主旨题等）解题方法，以及词汇同义替换、熟词僻义、长难句分析，帮助考生理解原文逻辑与题目考点，提升考研英语阅读应试能力。
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📑27英语-柴荣英一2008年T3阅读精讲课堂笔记
1In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
开篇方式:举例开篇(冒号开篇/转折开篇)观察第一段写什么?举例子
中心思想:美国人不长了32题于body growth
31题问作者举Wilt Chamberlain是为了_?
例子:WC以前是1/3超过7英尺,现在是1/42(超过7英尺)(NBA球员变高了)
例子写什么?身高为什么不写别的偏偏写身高?说明主题是”身高”
思考作者写文章举例子的内容和主题什么关系?引出主题例子为主题服务
逻辑关系:
1.however句间转折逻辑
2.数字对比1/3→1/42
season赛季
2The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people-especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations-apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go, says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
这篇文章中心句/主题句是哪一句?第2段首句
学长
思考第1段和第2段关系?P1引子P2提出观点
P2:这个趋势(身高变化)掩盖了一个事实:美国人不长了
一次是偶然,四次是必然”美国人不长了”说了四次
逻辑关系:
1.though放在句首”尽管”;though放在句中/句尾用逗号隔开表示”转折”
2.冒号作用?开篇冒号引出主题
3.the+n.指代
in the case of关于/至于
result from源于
obscure v.掩盖
3Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients-notably, protein-to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased (in height) by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.
according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height–5’9″ for men, 5’4″ for women–hasn’t really changed since 1960.
P3分析原因(生活水平)(32题正好在问原因)
32题问谁在身高增长中起重要作用?
身高增长需要”卡路里(热量)和营养”
一次是偶然,三次是必然”nutrients/under-nutrition/diet and health”营养
逻辑关系:
原文:A demands B
A需要B
题干:B plays a key role in AB在A中起作用
get in the way挡道/阻碍(一)
increase by增加了
4Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
P4:分析原因(基因)
33题问作者可能同意?
基因角度:身高太高不好
1.大的婴儿不好出生
2.四肢过大让直立行走姿势的身体有压力
birth canal产道
5Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”
P5基因短期不能改变主题:美国人不长了
34题问在不久的将来_?
原文:如果你想预测人类身高来设计一个装备,你可以使用今天的数据且很自信
说人话:身高没变一次是偶然,四次是必然
recruits新兵新成员
by and large总体来说
31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to
P1题型:例证题写作目的题做题方法:找观点中心思开篇方式)
本质问什么?第一题问举例目的=考察中心
两种举例:1.开篇举例(引出下文主题)2.文中举例(论证上文观点)
[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players身高变化
[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.受欢迎度
[C] compare different generations of NBA players
不同代际
[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players 成就
illustrate=show
如何比选项?去掉共性看差异
32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text? C
P3题型:细节题(原因)做题方法:精准定位(逻辑关系)
本质在问什么?问一个重要因素Aplays a key role in B(暗含因果关系)
痛点1:定位不准(借助题文同序
痛点2:选项单词和原文单词匹配单词理解不准”营养+热量”=C
脑补的底层逻辑是直接的/替换的没看出来非得脑补一个说服自己
[A] Genetic modification基因改变(脑补)
[B] Natural environment自然环境(阳光/空气/水源/温度/湿度…)
[C] Living standards生活标准(吃的好/吃的有营养)
[D] Daily exercise日常锻炼(运动)
33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?B
P题型:细节题?段推理题?主旨?做题方法:逻辑关系+选项定位
本质问什么?作者观点=中心思想”美国人不长了”
思考:假如正确答案是一个高度概括还能用选项定位吗?不能
思考:问作者观点?=问中心思想(借助题文同序)不选AC违背主题
思考:做完33题思考这题本质在考察什么?段落概括
[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation非美国人增加身高
[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture身高被直立姿势限制
[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world美国人是世界最高的
[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood大的婴儿在成年期变更高
34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future_D_.
P5题型:细节题(问原因)做题方法:精准定位问啥找啥
痛点:不会选项仍然可以用今天的数据=身高没变BD选一个
[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size重新考虑=变了
[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged 设计没变
[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen基因测试跑题
[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable身高数据没变
35. The text intends to tell us that_C_
题型:主旨题 做题方法:1.题干串线2.开篇方式3.全文串线
做题方法1:开篇方式”美国人不长了”直接选C
做题方法2:做完31-34题”美国人不长了”选C
做题方法3:全文串线”美国人不长了”选C
[A] the change of human height follows a cycle pattern
[B] human height is becoming even more predictable人类身高更容易预测
[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit达到身高极限=不长了
[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered
串联31-35题干内容:body growth
预判文章话题/中心:身高增长?
考点(题型):细节+主旨31/33/35都在考什么?主旨
指导方针:主旨为王做完发现31/33/34/35都在选”美国人不长了”
全部做完上帝视角看这篇文章结构:
P1引子举例子
P2提出观点:美国人于1960s停止生长
论证观点:理论+数据
论证观点:短期不可改变
同义替换总结:
主题词: stopped growing=reached their limit=aren’t likely to get any taller=pretty much gone as far as we can go=growth rarely continues=height hasn’t really changed=be conditioned
body=frame=height
adjust=change=alter=reconsider
constraint=be conditioned by
熟词僻义总结:
season n.
frame n./
though conj./adv./
obscure v./
feed v.
recruit n.
condition v.(be conditioned by)
employ v.
词组总结:
more than/
in the case of/… /…
get in the way
be set by…
by and large
长难句:
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.
参考译文:此外,尽管人类已经直立行走了几百万年,但两足和背部仍继续同两足行走的姿势相抗衡,因而难以轻易承受过大过长的肢体反复施加的压力.
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